In Vivo CAR-T Therapy Market

In vivo Chimeric Antigen Receptor T (CAR-T) therapy is a breakthrough approach that enables T cells to be genetically modified directly inside the patient’s body using viral (Lentiviral, AAV) or non-viral (mRNA-LNP) delivery systems. By removing the complex, time-consuming ex vivo manufacturing required for traditional CAR-T, this method significantly reduces production costs and expands patient access through true off-the-shelf availability.

Following Factors Driving the Market Growth:

(1) Pipeline Progress & Clinical Momentum 🔬: 

As of November 2025, more than 70 In Vivo CAR-T assets have been disclosed globally, with 7 programs in Phase 1 evaluation, including UB-VV111, INT2104, ESO-T01, CPTX2309, JY231, MT-302, and MT-303. Early-phase trials have reported encouraging safety and pharmacodynamic findings, including a 100% objective response rate in a small ESO-T01 multiple myeloma cohort and first-in-human immune-reprogramming data for MT-302 and MT-303 in solid tumors.

(2) Surge in Investment and Strategic Deals 💸: 

From 2020 to Nov 2025, in vivo CAR-T companies raised more than USD 3.3 billion in venture financing, complemented by USD 6.6 billion in strategic acquisitions and option deals involving AbbVie, AstraZeneca, Gilead Sciences, Bristol Myers Squibb, and Novartis. Major transactions include AbbVie’s USD 2.1 billion acquisition of Capstan Therapeutics, AstraZeneca’s USD 1.0 billion buyout of EsoBiotec, Gilead/Kite’s USD 350 million acquisition of Interius, and Bristol Myers Squibb’s USD 1.5 billion purchase of Orbital Therapeutics to secure RNA-based in vivo CAR-T platform technologies. Notably, the USD 6.6 billion investment by big pharma occurred within just seven months in 2025 (June to October), highlighting the accelerated interest in in vivo CAR-T platforms.

Additional factors driving market growth include: 

• High unmet needs exist across hematologic malignancies, solid tumors, and autoimmune diseases, where the access, scalability, and durability of ex vivo CAR-T therapies remain limited. 

• Rapid technological advances in lentiviral vectors, mRNA-LNPs, circular RNA (circRNA), polymeric nanoparticles, and CRISPR-based integration systems enable safer, more precise, and more scalable in vivo gene delivery. 

• A favorable regulatory landscape, reflected by the FDA Fast Track designation for UB-VV111 and multiple global approvals to initiate first-in-human in vivo CAR-T trials.

However, several challenges may slow commercial adoption, including the complexity of manufacturing high-titer viral vectors and uniform nanoparticles, risks of off-target transduction and insertional oncogenesis, limited long-term human efficacy data, and competition from ex vivo CAR-T, allogeneic cell therapies, bispecific antibodies, and ADCs. 

This report provides quantitative forecasts from 2023–2033 across vector categories, payload types, disease indications, and global regions, supported by a detailed clinical-trials dataset and an investment analysis covering venture funding and M&A activity across the in vivo CAR-T landscape.

The report includes a supplementary file containing all quantitative forecast data, referenced throughout the report.

The report has the following key findings:

• The global in vivo CAR T therapy market is forecast to reach USD 30.64 billion by 2033, growing at a CAGR of 61.9% during 2025–2033, from an estimated USD 650 million in 2025. 

• Viral vectors currently dominate in vivo delivery, particularly lentiviral systems used by Umoja, Interius, and EsoBiotec, while non-viral LNP mRNA platforms are the fastest growing segment due to safety, scalability, and suitability for autoimmune indications. 

• Hybrid systems such as Enveloped Delivery Vehicles (EDV) and CRISPR-mediated integration platforms are emerging as high-growth subsegments.

• By payload type, mRNA-encoded CARs lead the segment and are expected to remain dominant in the future, while circular RNA shows the fastest growth, reflecting its emerging role in enabling durable yet non-integrating CAR expression. 

• Hematologic malignancies represent the largest share of the In Vivo CAR-T market, while autoimmune diseases and solid tumors are the fastest-growing opportunity areas, supported by early clinical activity and large addressable patient populations. 

• North America currently leads, but Asia Pacific is the fastest-growing region, driven particularly by China, Japan, South Korea, and India.

The report covers the following topics: 

• Market drivers, restraints, opportunities, and broader industry trends, including technological, regulatory, and competitive dynamics

• Porter’s Five Forces analysis 

• Market segmentation and forecasts from 2023 to 2033 across vector types, payload types, disease indications, and regions

• Clinical trial landscape analysis by phase, vector, and disease indication 

• 9 lead In Vivo CAR T candidates’ profiles such as UB VV111, INT2104, ESO T01, CPTX2309, MT 302, and Others. 

• Investment landscape analysis covering funding trends, venture capital activity, and major M&A and partnership deals

• 30 key company profiles, including pipelines, financials, and key strategies.

• Strategic recommendations for investors, developers, and healthcare systems in the emerging “Age of In Vivo” cell therapy.